Also by Randall Robinson
Defending the Spirit
A Black Life in America
Randall Robinson rose from a poor childhood in the segregated South to become one of the most distinguished and controversial political activists of our time. Defending the Spirit is his story—an intimate portrait of what it means to be black in America.
In 1977, Robinson founded TransAfrica, the first organization to advocate the interests of African and Caribbean peoples. Now he has undertaken the extraordinary task of confronting racism within America's most elite power structures and educating a new generation of political and social leaders. Both a searing memoir and a powerful depiction of racism at home and abroad, Defending the Spirit is a stirring call to a new era of African-American leadership.
Author photo:Willets Photo Studio, St. Kitts
About the Author
Randall Robinson is the author of An Unbroken Agony and the national bestsellers The Debt, The Reckoning, and Defending the Spirit. He is also founder and past president of TransAfrica, the African-American organization he established to promote enlightened, constructive U.S. policies toward Africa and the Caribbean. In 1984, Robinson established the Free South Africa Movement, which pushed successfully for the imposition of sanctions against apartheid South Africa; and in 1994, his public advocacy, including a 27-day hunger strike, led to the UN multinational operation that restored Haiti's first democratically elected government to power. Mr. Robinson lives with his wife and daughter in St. Kitts.